Un voyage dans l’espace a un impact important sur le corps humain. En microgravit\u00e9, les muscles s’affaiblissent et les os se d\u00e9gradent, faisant perdre aux astronautes 1% de leur masse chaque mois. Ces conditions pourraient aider les chercheurs \u00e0 mieux comprendre certaines maladies et \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper de nouveaux m\u00e9dicaments. “Les changements que notre corps subit dans l’espace imitent ceux du vieillissement sur Terre, mais ils se produisent beaucoup plus vite”, explique Heidi Parris, scientifique associ\u00e9e du programme de la Station Spatiale Internationale (ISS) de la NASA. Pour rester en bonne sant\u00e9, les astronautes doivent faire deux heures d’exercice par jour et suivre un r\u00e9gime alimentaire strict. Les modifications cellulaires et tissulaires posent des d\u00e9fis, mais offrent aussi des opportunit\u00e9s pour la recherche m\u00e9dicale. SpaceX a lanc\u00e9 le 24 ao\u00fbt une mission de ravitaillement vers l’ISS avec de nouveaux projets de recherche qui pourraient acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer la d\u00e9couverte de m\u00e9dicaments sur Terre. Voici trois avantages uniques de la microgravit\u00e9 qui pourraient am\u00e9liorer la sant\u00e9 humaine. D’apr\u00e8s Arun Sharma, directeur du Centre de M\u00e9decine Spatiale du Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, la faible gravit\u00e9 de l’ISS pourrait aider \u00e0 cultiver des mod\u00e8les 3D appel\u00e9s organo\u00efdes, utilis\u00e9s pour \u00e9tudier les maladies, les r\u00e9ponses aux m\u00e9dicaments et la toxicologie. Ces organo\u00efdes, issus de cellules souches reprogramm\u00e9es, pourraient \u00eatre de meilleure qualit\u00e9 en microgravit\u00e9, sans l’effet compressif de la gravit\u00e9. Apr\u00e8s un mois dans l’espace, ils seront analys\u00e9s sur Terre pour \u00e9valuer leur structure. Actuellement, Sharma les utilise pour \u00e9tudier les effets des traitements contre le cancer sur le c\u0153ur, mais ils pourraient aussi servir \u00e0 tester d’autres maladies comme les troubles cardiaques ou les maladies neurod\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ratives. Les astronautes perdent leurs os 12 fois plus vite dans l’espace qu sur Terre. Dr. Abba Zubair, du Mayo Clinic de Jacksonville, \u00e9tudie ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne pour mieux comprendre la formation et la d\u00e9gradation osseuse. Il suspecte que l’inflammation, d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par une mol\u00e9cule appel\u00e9e interleukine-6, joue un r\u00f4le cl\u00e9. Cette recherche pourrait mener \u00e0 des m\u00e9dicaments pour maintenir la sant\u00e9 osseuse, aussi bien sur Terre que dans l’espace. Enfin, la d\u00e9gradation acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9e des os, du c\u0153ur et des muscles en microgravit\u00e9 pourrait aider \u00e0 acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer la d\u00e9couverte de m\u00e9dicaments. “Nous cherchons toujours des moyens d’acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer la recherche de nouveaux m\u00e9dicaments pour traiter des maladies comme l’ALS ou la maladie de Parkinson”, explique Sharma. Les organo\u00efdes pourraient permettre d’observer plus rapidement ces maladies dans l’espace, acc\u00e9l\u00e9rant ainsi le d\u00e9veloppement de traitements.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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